How to Become an Intermodal Carrier?

Intermodal trucking is a great way to maximize profits by hauling freight between ports, rail yards, and warehouses. But getting started requires the right licenses, equipment, and industry connections. This guide explains everything you need to know—from legal requirements to finding intermodal loads—so you can start a profitable trucking operation with minimal hassle.

What is an Intermodal Carrier?

An intermodal carrier is a transportation provider that moves freight using multiple modes of transport—such as trucks, trains, and ships—without handling the cargo itself when switching between modes. This type of shipping is commonly used in logistics to optimize costs and efficiency, making it a popular choice for businesses looking to move goods over long distances.

For example, if you’re transporting vehicles from an auction in California to a buyer in Florida, an intermodal carrier might first haul the cars on a truck to a rail terminal, then load them onto a train for long-haul transport, and finally use another truck for final delivery. This method reduces fuel costs and maximizes efficiency, which helps keep shipping rates lower.

Role and Responsibilities in Multi-Modal Shipping

Intermodal carriers play a key role in making sure freight moves smoothly between different types of transportation. Their responsibilities include:

1. Coordinating Transport Across Different Modes
   Intermodal carriers must arrange trucking, rail, and sometimes ocean transport to create a seamless shipping process. This requires working with rail companies, trucking fleets, and port authorities to schedule pickups and drop-offs.
2. Managing Intermodal Drayage
   A crucial part of intermodal shipping is drayage—the short-distance movement of cargo, usually between a port, rail terminal, or warehouse. This step ensures that freight is transferred between transportation modes efficiently. If you're wondering what is intermodal drayage, it's essentially the link that connects long-haul transport with the first or last mile of delivery.
3. Ensuring Compliance with Regulations
   Since intermodal transport involves multiple regions and transport methods, carriers must comply with various regulations, including weight limits, safety standards, and customs requirements for international shipments.
4. Optimizing Costs and Efficiency
   Intermodal carriers focus on cost-effective strategies, such as reducing empty miles (trucks traveling without cargo) and selecting the most fuel-efficient routes. This helps lower shipping expenses for businesses and customers alike.
5. Tracking and Communication
   Intermodal carriers use tracking systems and logistics software to provide real-time updates on freight movement. Customers and shipping partners rely on these updates to plan their operations effectively.

By handling these responsibilities, intermodal carriers help businesses move freight efficiently while keeping costs under control. If you're looking for ways to enter this industry and how to become an intermodal carrier, understanding these roles is the first step.

Requirements to Become an Intermodal Carrier

Becoming an intermodal carrier involves more than just owning a truck. You need the right licenses, permits, and equipment to legally and efficiently transport freight across different modes, such as rail and trucking. Below is a breakdown of what’s required to get started.

Licenses and Permits Needed

To operate as an intermodal carrier, you must obtain several key licenses and permits:

1. USDOT Number and MC Authority
   • The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Number is required for all commercial carriers operating in interstate commerce.
   • The Motor Carrier (MC) Authority from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is needed to legally transport goods across state lines.
   • You can apply for these through the FMCSA website.
2. Intermodal Equipment Provider (IEP) Registration
   • Since intermodal carriers often use chassis and containers owned by railroads or shipping companies, they must register as an Intermodal Equipment Provider (IEP) with the FMCSA.
   • This ensures that the carrier is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the equipment before transport.
3. Unified Carrier Registration (UCR)
   • The UCR program is a federally mandated registration that applies to carriers operating in interstate commerce. Fees are based on fleet size and must be renewed annually.
4. BOC-3 Filing (Designation of Process Agent)
   • This filing is necessary to legally operate as an intermodal carrier. A process agent is a representative who can receive legal documents on behalf of your business in each state where you operate.
5. Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT)
   • If your truck weighs 55,000 pounds or more, you must pay the HVUT to the IRS annually.
6. State-Specific Permits
   • Depending on where you operate, you may need additional state permits, such as the International Registration Plan (IRP) and International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) for fuel tax reporting.

Equipment Needed to Operate as an Intermodal Carrier

Having the right equipment is just as important as obtaining the necessary permits. Here’s what you’ll need:

1. Tractor (Semi-Truck)
   • A heavy-duty truck capable of hauling intermodal containers is essential. Many intermodal carriers prefer day cabs over sleeper cabs, as most intermodal hauls are short to medium distances.
2. Chassis
   • The chassis is the metal frame that supports intermodal containers during transport. Some carriers own their chassis, while others lease them from rail yards or shipping companies.
   • Common chassis types include 20-foot, 40-foot, and 53-foot configurations.
3. Intermodal Containers (If Providing Own Equipment)
   • Some carriers invest in their own containers, but most intermodal loads involve using customer- or rail-owned containers.
   • Standard container sizes include 20-foot, 40-foot, and 53-foot.
4. Twist Locks and Securement Equipment
   • Twist locks are used to secure containers to the chassis. Without proper locking mechanisms, the cargo could shift during transport, creating a safety hazard.
5. Electronic Logging Device (ELD)
   • FMCSA regulations require carriers to use an ELD to track hours of service (HOS) and ensure compliance with driving limits.
6. GPS and Load-Tracking Technology
   • To stay competitive, intermodal carriers should invest in GPS tracking to provide customers with real-time shipment updates. Many freight brokers and shippers require load tracking as part of their contracts.

Final Steps to Get Started

Once you have the required licenses, permits, and equipment, the next step is finding loads. Many new carriers ask: how to get intermodal loads? The answer is networking with rail yards, partnering with freight brokers, and using load boards specializing in intermodal freight.

How to Start an Intermodal Trucking Operation

Starting an intermodal trucking operation requires careful planning, the right business setup, and strong logistics coordination. Unlike traditional trucking, intermodal transport involves working with rail yards, ports, and freight brokers to move cargo efficiently. Below is a step-by-step guide to setting up your business infrastructure and logistics.

Setting Up Your Business Infrastructure

1. Register Your Business
   • Choose a business structure, such as an LLC (Limited Liability Company) or corporation, to protect your personal assets and gain credibility with shippers and brokers.
   • Register your business with your state and obtain an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS for tax purposes.
2. Obtain Operating Authority and Permits
   • Apply for a USDOT Number and MC Authority through the FMCSA.
   • Complete the BOC-3 filing (designation of a process agent) to operate legally.
   • Register under the Unified Carrier Registration (UCR) program to comply with federal regulations.
   • Pay the Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT) if your truck weighs over 55,000 pounds.
   • If operating across state lines, enroll in IRP (International Registration Plan) and IFTA (International Fuel Tax Agreement) for fuel tax compliance.
3. Secure Insurance Coverage
   • Intermodal trucking requires specific insurance policies, including:
     • Primary liability insurance (minimum $750,000 coverage, though most brokers require $1 million).
     • Cargo insurance (typically $100,000 or more for intermodal freight).
     • Physical damage and general liability insurance for added protection.
   • Some rail yards and shipping companies may require additional coverage, so check requirements before hauling intermodal loads.
4. Establish a Business Bank Account and Financial Plan
   • Open a business bank account to separate personal and company finances.
   • Consider factoring services to get paid faster, as brokers and shippers often pay on 30- to 60-day terms.
   • Plan for maintenance costs, fuel expenses, and chassis leasing fees.

Setting Up Logistics for Intermodal Trucking

1. Partner with Rail Yards and Ports
   • Intermodal trucking involves moving freight between rail terminals, ports, and final delivery points. Establish relationships with major rail providers such as Union Pacific, BNSF, Norfolk Southern, and CSX to gain access to intermodal shipments.
   • Some terminals require carriers to register in their drayage programs before accepting loads.
2. Obtain or Lease Chassis and Equipment
   • Intermodal carriers need chassis to transport shipping containers. Some companies buy their own chassis, while others lease them from rail yards or third-party providers.
   • If purchasing, consider 20-foot, 40-foot, and 53-foot chassis depending on the freight you plan to haul.
   • If leasing, check daily rental fees and maintenance responsibilities.
3. Find Intermodal Loads
   • One of the biggest questions new carriers ask is: how to get intermodal loads? There are several ways to secure shipments:
     • Work with freight brokers who specialize in intermodal freight.
     • Sign up for load boards such as DAT, Truckstop, and Convoy. Some platforms have dedicated intermodal freight sections.
     • Negotiate direct contracts with shippers who need regular intermodal services.
     • Partner with third-party logistics (3PL) companies that handle intermodal shipping.
4. Implement Load Tracking and Communication Systems
   • Many shippers require real-time tracking for their freight. Investing in GPS tracking and electronic logging devices (ELDs) can help meet these demands.
   • Use dispatch software to coordinate routes, manage driver schedules, and improve efficiency.
5. Understand Intermodal Drayage Operations
   • Intermodal trucking relies on intermodal drayage, which is the short-distance transport of cargo between a rail yard, port, or warehouse.
   • If you're wondering what is intermodal drayage, it's essentially the "first mile" or "last mile" movement in the intermodal process.
   • Efficient drayage is crucial for keeping intermodal operations running smoothly, so timing and coordination with rail schedules are key.

Final Steps to Launch Your Operation

Once your business infrastructure and logistics are in place, you can begin taking on loads. As an intermodal carrier, your ability to move freight efficiently between rail, truck, and port facilities will determine your success. Focus on building strong partnerships, maintaining compliance, and optimizing routes to keep costs low and profits high.

How to Find Intermodal Loads

Finding consistent intermodal freight is one of the biggest challenges for new carriers. Unlike standard trucking, intermodal freight involves coordinating with railroads, ports, and brokers to secure loads. The good news is that there are multiple ways to get intermodal loads and keep your trucks moving. Below, we’ll explore the three main strategies: load boards, direct contracts, and broker partnerships.

Using Load Boards to Find Intermodal Loads

Load boards are online platforms where shippers and brokers post available freight. These boards can be a great way for new intermodal carriers to find loads, especially if they don’t yet have direct shipper relationships.

Best Load Boards for Intermodal Freight

If you're asking what is the best load board for flatbeds or intermodal carriers, here are a few top options:

1. DAT Load Board – One of the largest freight marketplaces, with intermodal-specific loads.
2. Truckstop.com – Provides load filtering by intermodal and drayage freight.
3. Convoy – A digital freight network that includes intermodal loads.
4. C.H. Robinson Navisphere – A major brokerage with frequent intermodal freight postings.
    
5. J.B. Hunt 360 – Offers access to intermodal loads through their rail and drayage network.

How to Use Load Boards Effectively

• Filter by Intermodal Freight – Many boards allow you to search specifically for intermodal or drayage loads.
• Check Rail Yard Proximity – Before accepting a load, ensure you can pick up or drop off at a nearby rail hub.
• Negotiate Rates – Brokers may list low initial rates, but experienced carriers often negotiate better deals.

While load boards are useful, they can be competitive. That’s why many carriers work toward securing direct contracts with shippers.

Securing Direct Contracts with Shippers

Direct contracts with shippers provide consistent freight and better rates, eliminating the need for brokers who take a cut of the revenue. To land direct contracts, carriers must build relationships with businesses that rely on intermodal transportation.

Steps to Get Direct Contracts

1. Research Local Shippers – Focus on industries that use intermodal transport, such as automotive, retail, agriculture, and manufacturing.
2. Reach Out to Shipping Managers – Contact logistics managers at major companies and rail yards to offer your services.
3. Demonstrate Reliability – Shippers prefer carriers with a track record of on-time deliveries and proper equipment.
4. Negotiate Long-Term Agreements – Offer competitive rates while ensuring the contract is profitable for your business.

If you're just starting, landing direct contracts can take time. Many carriers start by working with freight brokers before transitioning to direct contracts.

Partnering with Freight Brokers for Intermodal Loads

Freight brokers act as intermediaries between shippers and carriers. They handle the logistics of intermodal transport, making it easier for carriers to find loads without constant outreach.

How to Build Strong Broker Partnerships

• Sign Up with Large Brokerage Firms – Companies like C.H. Robinson, XPO Logistics, and J.B. Hunt have strong intermodal freight networks.
• Maintain Good Communication – Brokers prioritize reliable carriers. Keeping them updated on load status can lead to repeat business.
• Negotiate Better Rates Over Time – Once you prove reliability, brokers may offer higher-paying loads and dedicated lanes.

Combining Strategies for Maximum Profitability

Most successful intermodal carriers use a combination of load boards, direct contracts, and broker relationships. By diversifying your sources, you’ll have a steady flow of freight and avoid downtime.

If you're looking for how to get intermodal loads, start with load boards, build broker connections, and work toward direct contracts for long-term success.

Benefits of Being an Intermodal Carrier

Becoming an intermodal carrier comes with several advantages that can make your trucking business more efficient and profitable. Unlike traditional long-haul trucking, intermodal transport allows carriers to leverage multiple transportation modes—such as rail and truck—to move freight efficiently. This setup results in lower fuel costs, reduced wear on trucks, and access to high-demand shipping lanes. Here’s a closer look at the key benefits of intermodal trucking.

Increased Efficiency with Intermodal Transport

Intermodal trucking is designed for shorter hauls between rail yards, ports, and distribution centers. This structure helps carriers complete more trips per day compared to long-haul trucking.

1. Less Time Spent on the Road

• Intermodal carriers typically handle the first or last mile of freight movement, meaning shorter routes and faster turnaround times.
• Unlike over-the-road (OTR) trucking, drivers often operate within a regional radius, allowing for more predictable schedules and less time away from home.

2. Reduced Driver Fatigue and Compliance Risks

• Since intermodal loads often involve short-haul drayage, drivers can complete their shifts without exceeding Hours of Service (HOS) limits.
• Less time on highways means fewer risks of delays due to accidents, weather, or traffic congestion.

3. Higher Load Availability

• Major ports and rail hubs have consistent freight flow, reducing the risk of deadhead miles.
• Many shippers prefer intermodal solutions due to cost savings and environmental benefits, ensuring steady demand for carriers.

Reduced Fuel Costs and Lower Operating Expenses

Fuel is one of the biggest expenses in trucking, but intermodal carriers spend significantly less on fuel compared to long-haul truckers.

1. Rail Transport Covers Long Distances

• Instead of hauling freight hundreds or thousands of miles, intermodal carriers transport loads short distances between rail yards and distribution centers.
• Trains are far more fuel-efficient than trucks over long distances, meaning carriers only burn fuel for the final delivery leg of a shipment.

2. Less Wear and Tear on Trucks

• Shorter routes mean less strain on engines, brakes, and tires, resulting in lower maintenance costs.
• Trucks used for intermodal drayage often operate on predictable, well-maintained routes, reducing the chances of breakdowns.

3. Lower Fuel Price Sensitivity

• Long-haul carriers are heavily impacted by fuel price fluctuations, but intermodal trucking relies less on diesel consumption.
• Carriers can keep more of their earnings instead of spending a large portion on refueling.

Additional Financial and Business Advantages

1. Access to Rail Yard and Port Contracts

• Major shipping companies and logistics providers rely on intermodal carriers for port-to-rail and rail-to-warehouse movements.
• These contracts often come with consistent, high-volume freight, helping carriers maintain stable revenue.

2. Lower Insurance Costs

• Since intermodal trucking involves shorter trips and fewer highway miles, insurance premiums for liability and cargo coverage can be lower than for OTR trucking.

3. Competitive Edge in the Freight Market

• As supply chains move toward more fuel-efficient and sustainable solutions, intermodal trucking is becoming an increasingly attractive option for shippers.
• Carriers who offer reliable drayage services can stand out in the market and secure long-term contracts with major logistics companies.

Why More Truckers Are Switching to Intermodal Freight

With rising fuel prices and increasing pressure to reduce emissions, many trucking businesses are looking for how to get intermodal loads and enter this sector. Lower operating costs, steady demand, and increased efficiency make intermodal trucking a smart choice for owner-operators and fleet owners alike. By leveraging the advantages of intermodal transport, carriers can improve their profitability while reducing risks associated with long-haul trucking.

Challenges in Intermodal Trucking

Intermodal trucking offers many benefits, but it also comes with unique challenges. Unlike traditional trucking, intermodal carriers must coordinate with multiple transportation modes, navigate strict regulations, and deal with potential delays at ports and rail yards. Understanding these challenges in advance can help carriers develop strategies to minimize risks and maximize efficiency.

Navigating Regulations in Intermodal Trucking

Intermodal carriers must comply with a mix of federal, state, and port-specific regulations, which can be complex and constantly changing. Regulatory compliance is crucial, as failing to meet requirements can result in fines, shipment delays, or even loss of business opportunities.

1. Licensing and Permits

To legally operate as an intermodal carrier, you need the proper licenses and permits. These typically include:

• USDOT Number – Required for all commercial trucking operations.
• MC Authority (Operating Authority) – Needed if transporting freight across state lines.
• SCAC Code (Standard Carrier Alpha Code) – A unique identifier required by railroads and many shipping companies.
• Hazmat Endorsement – If hauling hazardous materials, additional certifications and insurance are necessary.

2. Weight and Equipment Regulations

Ports and rail yards have strict weight limits and equipment requirements that differ from standard trucking:

• Chassis Restrictions – Some ports require carriers to use specific chassis types that meet safety and emissions standards.
• Weight Limits – Different states enforce varying axle weight limits, and exceeding them can lead to costly fines.
• Emissions Compliance – Many ports, such as those in California, enforce strict emissions standards, requiring trucks to meet EPA guidelines.

3. Rail and Port Entry Requirements

Each port and rail yard has its own set of entry requirements, including:

• TWIC Card (Transportation Worker Identification Credential) – Required for drivers accessing secure port terminals.
• Appointments and Scheduling Systems – Some ports operate on an appointment-based system, meaning carriers must plan ahead.
• Demurrage and Detention Fees – If a container isn’t picked up or returned within a specific timeframe, carriers may face extra fees.

Port Delays and Congestion

One of the biggest challenges in intermodal trucking is port congestion. Unlike standard freight pickups, intermodal loads rely on the timing of ships, trains, and port operations, which can cause unexpected delays.

1. Long Wait Times at Ports

• Peak Season Congestion – During high shipping seasons (such as before holidays), ports experience major bottlenecks, leading to hours-long delays for drivers.
• Customs Inspections – If a shipment is flagged for inspection, it can delay delivery by days or even weeks.
• Chassis Shortages – If there aren’t enough chassis available at the port, carriers may have to wait until one becomes free.

2. Rail Yard Delays

• Train Schedule Coordination – Intermodal carriers often must wait for containers to be transferred from rail to truck, which isn't always on schedule.
• Limited Storage Space – If a rail yard is overcrowded, it can take extra time to locate and retrieve a container.
• Priority Given to Larger Fleets – Some railroads prioritize servicing larger trucking companies, meaning small carriers may face longer wait times.

Strategies to Overcome These Challenges

While intermodal trucking presents some hurdles, successful carriers plan ahead and adapt to minimize delays and regulatory issues.

1. Stay Informed About Regulations

• Check port and rail yard requirements before arriving to avoid compliance issues.
• Regularly update licenses and permits to prevent delays from missing paperwork.
• Use compliance management software to track weight limits, emissions rules, and entry requirements.

2. Reduce Port and Rail Yard Delays

• Schedule appointments in advance where possible to avoid long wait times.
• Use real-time tracking tools to monitor container availability.
• Work with brokers or shippers who offer pre-cleared shipments to minimize customs delays.

3. Diversify Load Sources

• Use multiple rail and port locations to avoid bottlenecks at a single facility.
• Develop relationships with brokers and shippers to get priority access to available loads.
• Find backup chassis providers to avoid shortages at key locations.

The Bottom Line

Intermodal trucking offers cost-saving advantages, but carriers must navigate regulations and manage potential port delays to operate successfully. By staying compliant, planning for delays, and leveraging multiple load sources, carriers can turn these challenges into manageable aspects of their business. If you're looking for how to get intermodal loads, understanding these factors will help you build a more profitable and efficient operation.

Tips for Success in Intermodal Freight Logistics

Intermodal freight logistics can be a profitable and efficient business, but it requires careful planning, industry knowledge, and strategic decision-making. Whether you’re just learning how to become an intermodal carrier or looking to improve your operations, following these key strategies will help you build a successful business in intermodal trucking.

1. Build Strong Relationships with Ports, Rail Yards, and Shippers

Success in intermodal trucking depends heavily on who you know. Establishing direct connections with railroads, port authorities, and freight brokers will help you secure consistent intermodal loads and avoid long wait times.

How to Strengthen Industry Relationships:

• Register with major railroads and ports to gain access to load opportunities.
• Attend industry events and networking conferences to meet logistics professionals.
• Maintain good communication with dispatchers and brokers to get priority access to loads.
• Join intermodal trucking associations like the Intermodal Association of North America (IANA) for networking and industry updates.

2. Invest in the Right Equipment and Maintenance

Reliable equipment is critical for intermodal trucking. Many ports and rail yards require specific types of chassis and trailers, and failing to meet these requirements can lead to delays or lost contracts.

Key Equipment Considerations:

• Own or lease an intermodal chassis – Many ports experience chassis shortages, so having your own can prevent costly delays.
• Use GPS tracking and telematics to monitor truck and chassis locations in real time.
• Perform regular maintenance to prevent breakdowns and unexpected repair costs.
• Ensure your truck meets emissions regulations – Some ports, especially in California, have strict environmental requirements.

3. Plan for Port and Rail Delays

Intermodal trucking often involves waiting at ports and rail yards due to congestion, customs inspections, or chassis availability. Being prepared for these delays will help keep your operations efficient.

How to Minimize Delays:

• Schedule pickup appointments in advance at ports that allow it.
• Monitor real-time port and rail yard conditions using online tracking tools.
• Work with multiple ports and rail hubs to avoid bottlenecks at a single location.
• Have backup plans for chassis and container storage to prevent unexpected downtime.

4. Use Load Boards and Broker Partnerships to Find Consistent Freight

One of the biggest challenges for intermodal carriers is finding consistent loads. Learning how to get intermodal loads from multiple sources will help keep your truck moving and profitable.

Where to Find Loads:

• Load Boards – Websites like DAT, Truckstop, and Direct Freight post daily intermodal freight opportunities.
• Broker Partnerships – Working with freight brokers who specialize in intermodal transport can provide access to steady shipments.
• Direct Shipper Contracts – Establishing long-term contracts with major retailers, manufacturers, or logistics companies ensures steady work.
• Rail and Port Logistics Companies – Companies managing port drayage and rail transfers often work directly with intermodal carriers.

5. Optimize Your Routes and Fuel Usage

Intermodal trucking typically involves short-haul drayage between ports, rail yards, and distribution centers. Efficient route planning can save time and reduce fuel costs, increasing your profit margins.

How to Improve Route Efficiency:

• Use trucking-specific GPS systems to find the fastest and most fuel-efficient routes.
• Plan for congestion and road restrictions near major ports and rail hubs.
• Utilize backhauls to avoid deadhead miles and maximize earnings.
• Track fuel usage and look for discounts at truck stops along regular routes.

6. Stay Compliant with Intermodal Regulations

Intermodal trucking involves strict licensing, weight limits, and emissions requirements that can vary by port, state, and rail operator. Staying compliant is crucial to avoid fines, delays, or losing access to key facilities.

Compliance Tips:

• Keep all permits and registrations up to date, including USDOT, MC authority, and SCAC codes.
• Ensure your truck and chassis meet emissions regulations in states like California.
• Monitor weight limits for intermodal containers to prevent fines.
• Obtain a TWIC card if operating at ports requiring security clearance.

7. Focus on Customer Service and Reliability

Shippers and brokers prefer to work with reliable intermodal carriers who deliver freight on time and maintain clear communication. Providing consistent, professional service will help you secure repeat business and long-term contracts.

How to Build a Good Reputation:

• Communicate proactively with customers and brokers about shipment status.
• Provide accurate ETAs and updates in case of delays.
• Deliver on time and handle cargo carefully to prevent damage claims.
• Respond quickly to load offers and requests to stay competitive in the market.

Final Thoughts

Building a successful intermodal trucking business requires strong industry connections, reliable equipment, smart logistics planning, and a focus on compliance and customer service. By implementing these strategies, you can increase efficiency, minimize delays, and secure steady intermodal loads. Whether you're an owner-operator or managing a fleet, mastering intermodal freight logistics will help you grow a profitable trucking operation.

Becoming an intermodal carrier offers great opportunities for steady freight, fuel savings, and business growth, but success requires proper licensing, the right equipment, and strong industry connections. By following the steps in this guide, you can build a profitable operation and avoid common pitfalls. Ready to get started? Get a quote on ykfreight.com today to access intermodal loads and grow your trucking business!